THE CIRIN BULLETIN
Conference
Interpreting Research
Information Network
An independent network for the
dissemination of information on
conference interpreting
research (CIR)
__________________________________________________________________
BULLETIN n°42
July 2011
Editor: Daniel Gile
Contributors to
this issue:
Dörte
Andres (DA), Ivana Čeňková (IC), Franz Pöchhacker (FP), Manuel
Sant’iago Ribeiro (MSR), Wang Binhua (WB)
Editorial address:
D. Gile, 46, rue d'Alembert,
92190 Meudon, France
e-mail: daniel.gile@yahoo.com
Web site: http://www.cirinandgile.com
This Bulletin aims at
contributing to the dissemination of information on conference interpreting
research (CIR) and at providing useful information to members of the CIR
community worldwide. It is intended to achieve maximum coverage of research
into this sub-field of interpreting, and only occasionally refers to research
and publications in other sub-fields. The Bulletin is published twice a
year, in January and July. For further information and electronic or paper copies
of early issues (the last issue is available on the Web site at any time),
please contact D. Gile.
Note:
the mini-abstracts may be followed by the initials of the contributors who sent
in the information, but the text may also be written or adapted from the
original text by D.Gile, who takes responsibility for the comments and for any
errors introduced by him.
* *
*
An organisational change: from now on, the Bulletin will come out in January and
July, which are more convenient dates than December and June. Also, as
announced and explained in the last issue of the Bulletin, its editorial policy will be larger in scope and more
flexible than in the past, with more references to publications and activities
other than those directly related to conference interpreting or broadcast
interpreting.
In this
same mindset, a new page will be opened in the CIRIN site: “Research Issues” is
a follow-up to and renewed version of the “Beginner’s corner” in the EST Newsletter and of the EST website
page “Research Issues” (see the introductory note on the CIRIN site). Since
these issues have to do not only with conference interpreting, but also with
other types of interpreting and translation, and actually with academic
research more generally, the issues will not be integrated into the Bulletin. It goes without saying that CIRIN Bulletin readers are invited to read
the Research Issues page and to contribute with texts and comments.
Note
in this issue of the CIRIN Bulletin a
relatively high number of doctoral dissertations on conference interpreting,
including 4 from China, one more indicator of the increasing importance of
China on the Interpreting Studies scene. Also note intensive research activity
on interpreting quality from the University of Vienna under the leadership of
Franz Pöchhacker. A further publication on quality should come out of the
second International conference on interpreting quality organized by ECIS and
the university of Granada, Spain in Almuñecar conference, which was held in March
this year (see http://ecis.ugr.es/2011.htm).
Issue
n°15 of The Interpreters’ Newsletter has come out with a selection of
papers from the session “From interpreting theory to the interpreting
profession” in the conference on “Emerging Topics in Translation and
Interpreting” which was convened in Trieste in June 2010. This was a good idea,
and many of the interpreters are very interesting. See some comments in the
Articles section.
Daniel
Gile
Andres, Dörte. 2011. Ein
integrativ konzipiertes Dolmetschprozessmodell. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Philologia. Nr. 1/2011. 81-103.
* ABSTRACT:
Interpreting at the dawn of the 21st century: an integrating process
model. The study outlines a complex theoretical model of the interpreting
process, based on the already existing models of the translation/interpreting
process and incorporating the various types and contexts of interpreting. It
also offers new directions for validation, research or hypotheses by focusing
on: the role of the self in interpreting (the Self Concept); the development of
a macrostrategy; the important role played by associative skills on connections
and intuition; the interaction between the controlled component (a set of
already internalized rules) and the uncontrolled one and the importance of the
meta-cognitive control mechanism, of the central processor and of managing the
workload.
Keywords: Process model,
interpreting, macrostrategy, cognitive, working area, self concept, working
memory, managing the workload, control instance.
Baigorri-Jalón,
Jesus & Maria Manuela Fernández-Sánchez. 2010. Understanding High-Level
Interpreting in the Cold War: Preliminary notes. Forum 8:2.1-29.
*
A historical account
Boéri,
Julie & Jesús de Manuel Jerez. 2011. From Training
Skilled Conference Interpreters to Educating Reflective Citizens: A Case Study
of the Marius Action Research Project. The Interpreter and Translator
Trainer 5:1. 41-64. (Special Issue “Ethics and the Curriculum: Critical
Perspectives”, Guest Editors: Mona Baker & Carol Maier)
Boyd, Michael S. & Claudia
Monacelli. 2010.
Politics, (con)text and genre: applying CDA and DHA to interpreter training. The
Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 51-70.
*
CDA stands for Critical Discourse Analysis and DHA for Discourse-Historical
Approach.
Donovan,
Clare. 2010. Adapting Training to the Changing Professional
Landscape: The example of video conferencing. Forum 8:1. 55-71.
Donovan,
Clare. 2011. Ethics in the Teaching of Conference
Interpreting. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 5:1. 109-128. (Special
Issue “Ethics and the Curriculum: Critical Perspectives”, Guest Editors: Mona
Baker & Carol Maier)
Fox,
Brian. 2010. EU multilingualism: the looming challenges. The
Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 19-31.
*
Not a research paper, but one with interesting information and reflections.
Brian Fox mentions a rather extensive satisfaction survey available on the
internet, which shows inter alia a strong correlation between overall
satisfaction of users of interpreting services and their satisfaction with the
terminological aspect of the interpreters’ rendering. The paper also shows a
remarkable effort on the part of SCIC to train and integrate newcomers.
Galhano
Rodrigues, Isabel. 2007. Body in interpretation – nonverbal
communication of speaker and interpreter and its relation to words and prosody.
In SchmiTT, Peter a Heike E.Jüngst (eds). Translationsqualität. Leipzig:
Universität Leipzig.
*
An interesting exploratory study by a non-interpreter on a case study, namely
an authentic conference on vaccines, with a comparison of the prosody and the
gestures of a speaker and his interpreter. Inter alia, the author says that the
interpreter uses more beats than the speaker, which is an indication of
cognitive efforts, and that iconic movements often precede the parts of speech
to which they are related, which could be a way to help the interpreter to
structure his/her speech, that they seem to be an important memory aid for the
interpreter. Interestingly, the author concludes by calling on interpreters to
conduct such research themselves, “as they are the ones who best understand
what happens during interpretation…”. (Information on this paper was provided
by MSR).
Gile,
Daniel. 2010. Cognitive-load Related Coping Tactics
in Simultaneous Interpreting. In Liao Qi Yi (ed). 2010. Contemporary
Translation Studies in the West: a Reader. Beijing: Foreign Language
Teaching and Research Press. 255-273.
*
Based on chapter 8 of Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator
Training.
Gile,
Daniel. 2010. Testing the Effort Models’ Tightrope Hypothesis
in Simultaneous Interpreting. In Liao Qi Yi (ed). 2010. Contemporary
Translation Studies in the West: a Reader. Beijing: Foreign Language
Teaching and Research Press. 337-358.
*
A slightly updated version of the paper published in Hermes 23(1999).
Holub,
Elisabeth. 2010. Does Intonation Matter? The impact of monotony
on listener comprehension. The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 117-128.
Ishizuka,
Hiroyuki. 2010. Construction of a Causal Event Structure by a
Simultaneous Interpreter. Interpreting and Translation Studies
10:1-20 (in Japanese).
Lisboa Freire,
Ewandro. 2008. Teoria
interpretative da tradução e teoria dos modelos dos esforços na interpretaçãa:
proposições fundamenatis e inter-relações. Cadernos de Tradução
2:22.151-174 http://www.periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/traducao/article/download/9279/9413
* A comparison of
Interpretive Theory and the Effort Models.
LIU, Heping & XU, Jun. 2010. Etude sur l’interprétation
en Chine: Résultats et enjeux. Forum
8:2. 47- 73.
Mullender,
Garry. 2010. Admissions Testing and Some Considerations for
Course Design for Interpreter Training in Mozambique. Forum 8:2.75-95.
Ooigawa,
Tomohiko & Kinuko Takahashi. 2010. Identification of
English words embedded in sentences by Japanese professional interpreters with
different language experiences. The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 159-
171.
Orlando,
Marc. 2010. Digital pen technology and consecutive
interpreting: another dimension in note-taking traning and assessment. The
Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 71-86.
*
The digital pen technology is a simple device which can help at a very low cost
to monitor and analyse the behaviour of interpreting students in their acquisition
of skills in consecutive, and to conduct research on the same subject. This is
illustrated in this paper.
Pagura,
Reynaldo. 2010. O consenso
internacional sobre a formação de intérpretes de conferência. An international
consensus on interpreter training. Tradução & Comunicação, Brazil,
v. 0, n. 21, p. 11-29 http://sare.unianhanguera.edu.br/index.php/rtcom/article/view/2774/999
Pöchhacker, Franz. 2010.
Eye to IS: On Qualitative Research in
Interpreting Studies. In I. M. Mees, F. Alves & S. Göpferich (eds) Methodology,
Technology and Innovation in Translation Process Research (pp. 67-86).
Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur Press.
Pöchhacker,
Franz. 2010. Why Interpreting Studies Matters. In D. Gile,
G. Hansen & N. K. Pokorn (eds) Why Translation Studies Matters (pp.
3-14) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Pöchhacker, Franz.
2010. Entwicklungslinien der Dolmetschwissenschaft. In N. Grbić, G.
Hebenstreit, G. Vorderobermeier & M. Wolf (eds) Translationskultur
revisited: Festschrift für Erich Prunč (pp. 84-97) Tübingen:
Stauffenburg.
Pöchhacker,
Franz. 2010. The Role of Research in Interpreter Education.
Translation & Interpreting 2:1 (2010), 1-10.
Pöchhacker,
Franz. 2010. Interpreting. In Y. Gambier & L. van Doorslaer (eds) Handbook
of Translation Studies. Volume 1 (pp. 153-157) Amsterdam/Philadelphia:
John Benjamins.
Pöchhacker, Franz. 2010.
Interpreting Studies. In Y. Gambier & L. van Doorslaer (eds) Handbook of
Translation Studies. Volume 1 (pp. 158-172) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
Pöchhacker, Franz. 2011. Simultaneous interpreting. In
Kirsten Malmkjaer & Kevin Windle (eds). Oxford Handbook
of Translation Studies, Oxford University Press. (pp. 275-293).
Pöchhacker, Franz. 2011. Consecutive
interpreting. In Kirsten Malmkjaer & Kevin Windle (eds). Oxford Handbook
of Translation Studies, Oxford University Press. (pp. 294-306).
Pöchhacker, Franz. 2011.
Conference interpreting. In Kirsten Malmkjaer & Kevin Windle (eds). Oxford
Handbook of Translation Studies, Oxford University Press. (pp. 307-324).
Reithofer,
Karin. 2010. English as a lingua franca vs. Intrepreting:
battleground or peaceful coexistence ? The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15.
143-157.
Rennert,
Sylvi. 2010. The impact of fluency on the subjective
assessment of interpreting quality. The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15.
101-115.
* An
empirical study conducted in Vienna on the relationship between the perception
of fluency and the overall perception of interpreting quality with a
well-designed experiment with business students, in the tradition started by
Collados Aís from Granada, where the interpreters’s The findings corroborate
previous findings from Granada to the effect that single quality parameters
seem to affect rather strongly the overall quality perception by users.
Setton,
Robin. 2010. From practice to theory and back in interpreting:
the pivotal role of training. The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 1-18.
* Once
again, Robin Setton writes a perceptive analysis of the prospects of research
seen from the angle of professional and training applications. Among noteworthy
comments: “Today, Interpreting Studies owes its existence to the commitment of
a few enthusiastic researchers and the thesis requirements of a few schools
rather than to any direct appeal from the profession or recognised application
of its findings to the practice of interpreting. It can thus only survive as
part of a self-nourishing cycle in which the pivotal link is interpreter
training.”
Setton’s ideas about the type of theory
which could be used in the classroom (only “if a clear, lively and pedagogical
picture can be extracted that trainees can immediately connect with their own
experience”) also offer a reasonable solution for an interface between
theoretical activity and the classroom.
The one reservation I have is about this
paper has to do with the author’s references to positions which are difficult
to identify in the literature or in the field and which may well be illusory.
For instance, on page 3, Setton talks about “...a tension...between misplaced
scientism that puts exclusive trust in quantified approaches and...”. Without
specific references, one is left wondering who in the world of IS puts exclusive
trust in quantified approaches, and if there are such people, whether they
represent a sufficiently high proportion of the community to deserve this
reference.
Sunnari,
Marianna & Adelina Hild. 2010. A multi-factorial approach to the develoment and
analysis of professional expertise in SI. The Interpreters’ Newsletter
15. 33-49.
Takeda,
Kayoko. 2009. War and interpreters. Across Language and
Cultures 10:1. 49-62.
Ting
Chi Hsiang. 2010. A case Study about the Use of Linear
Translation and Reverse Order Translation for Simultaneous Interpreting with a
Manuscript from Chinese to Japanese: The Speech of Wen Jiabao, Chinese Prime
Minister, at the Diet in Japan. Interpreting and Translation Studies 10.
193-206.
Tripepi
Winteringham, Sarah. 2010. The usefulness of ICTs in interpreting
practice. The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 87-99.
WATANABE,
Tomie. 2009.
Interpretation at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal: An Overview and Tojo’s
Cross-Examination. TTR 22:1. 57-91.
ZHANG,
Jiliang. 2010. Looking into the Hypothesis of
Deverbalization. Forum 8:1. 213-236.
Zwischenberger,
Cornelia. 2010. Quality criteria in simultaneous interpreting:
an international vs. a national view. The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15.
127-142.
M.A.
AND GRADUATION THESES
Baranowski, Monika. 2009. Professionalität
von Berufsdolmetschern in Spielfilmen. 125 pages. With 1 DVD. Master’s thesis, University of Vienna.
Brandstötter, Maria. 2009. Die
Berufszufriedenheit von DometscherInnen in Österreich. 113 pages. Master’s thesis, University of Vienna.
Göstl, Stefanie. 2010. Das
Simultandolmetschmodell von A. F. Schirjajew. 88
pages. Master’s thesis,
University of Vienna.
Hasibeder, Martina. 2010. Die
Entwicklung der englischen Sprache zur internationalen Lingua Franca und die
Auswirkungen auf das Konferenzdolmetschen : am Beispiel Wiens als international
führender Kongressstadt. 119 pages. Master’s thesis,
University of Vienna.
Kadová, Alžbêta. 2011. Počátky
neurolingvistického výzkumu v oblasti tlumočení v Itálii (SSLMIT Terst) a
další vývojové tendence (teoretická studie)
Neurolinguistic Approach to Interpreting Research in Italy (SSLMIT
Trieste): Beginning and Recent Trends. (in Czech). MA
thesis, Charles University, Prague.
* Summary
An important field of interpreting research,
neurolinguistic approach emerged soon after the shift towards an
interdisciplinary approach to research into interpreting. The mutually
beneficial collaboration between neurolinguists and interpreters has been
centred mainly on the issue of language representation in interpreters as bilingual
subjects, namely on the role each of the two cerebral hemispheres plays
depending on the task (automatic speech production, shadowing, translation of
single words or phrases, simultaneous interpreting), choice of interpreting
strategy (literal vs. meaning-based interpretation) or on the direction of
interpreting (B to A vs. A to B language).
The thesis focuses on the research into
hemispheric lateralization done at SSLMIT, University of Trieste, Italy – the
place where, in the 80s, the neurolinguistic approach was first adopted. The
Trieste School then remained its centre for approximately ten years.
The beginning chapters of this theoretical study
present the fundamentals of neuranatomy, neurophysiology and neurolinguistics,
necessary for understanding of the mental processes underlying simultaneous
interpretation. Furthermore, relevant neuroimaging methods are introduced that
either have already been used in or could be applied to interpreting research
in the future.
The thesis also describes and attempts to
evaluate the experiments carried out at the Trieste School. Despite the
undeniable importance of their outcomes, the studies also seem to present
several shortcomings regarding the methodology used (unhomogenous groups of
subjects, inadequate choice of method of statistical analysis of the results).
In some cases the outcomes of the studies and subsequent conclusions drawn by
the scientists are even antagonistic.
The thesis compares the research conducted at
Trieste to the experiments carried out by other scientists (Sylvie Lambert,
Adele Green et al., Ingrid Kurz, Jorma Tommola et al., Charlotte Momaür,
Vincent Ch.-Y. Chang). Each study represents the application of a different
research method. The choice of neuroimaging method might have contributed to
the fact that the aforementioned scientists, too, have come to substantially
divergent results.
The thesis shows that experiment outcomes can be to a
great extent influenced by a number of factors. Also, it is rather difficult to
compare studies in which different methods were used. Thus, in the future, the
demands regarding the use of rigorous scientific methods and cautious designing
of the experimental paradigm will have to be increased and research in the
field will have to be more consistent.
Ladychenko, Viktorija. 2010. Rjurik
K. Minjar-Belorutschew als Vertreter der Sowjetischen Schule der
Dolmetschwissenschaft. 104 pages, Master’s thesis, University of Vienna.
Märzluft, Stephanie Sandra. 2010. Sprachliche
Unterschiede der österreichischen und binnendeutschen Simultandolmetschung am
Beispiel der 3. US-Präsidentschaftsdebatte 2008. 170 pages, Master’s
thesis, University of Vienna.
Moritz, Katharina. 2010. Prosodie
beim Mediendolmetschen : eine Pausenanalyse am Beispiel der Amtsantrittsrede
von Präsident Obama. 93 pages, Master’s thesis, University of Vienna.
Neuberger, Barbara. 2010. Mediendolmetschen
und Rhetorik : eine corpusbasierte Analyse. 136 pages, Master’s thesis,
University of Vienna.
Nosenzo, Giorgia. 2010. Berichterstattung
über das Dolmetschen in italienischen und österreichischen Printmedien : eine
Inhaltsanalyse ausgewählter Tageszeitungen (Media
coverage of interpreting related subjects in Italian and Austrian print media ;
a content analysis of selected newspapers). Master’s thesis. University
of Vienna, 151 pages.
Scheible,
Daniela. 2011. Damals
und heute. Gerichtsdolmetschen im Wandel der Zeit am Beispiel des International
Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) und des International Criminal
Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). (Now and then. Court Interpreting in
the course of time. A comparison between the International Military Tribunal
for the Far East (IMTFE) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
Yugoslavia (ICTY)). Masterarbeit FTSK Germersheim/Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
* How
were war criminals tried 60 years ago, how are they tried today? How has
international court interpreting changed over the last decades? Which
interpreting modes were/are used? What do we know about the interpreters’
working conditions, needs and emotions? What are the court interpreters’
positions at the international tribunals? This thesis is treating these central
questions and gives answers if possible. In order to do so, it starts by
presenting the courts’ historical background, their structure and competences.
However, priority is given to the interpreters’ work and their view of the
Tribunals, their criticism and suggestions for improvement. Due to this
approach, conclusions can be drawn regarding the functioning of the language
services and new ideas formed concerning the interpreting arrangements at these
international courts. (DA)
Schützler,
Anne. 2011. Statisten
auf diplomatischer Bühne: eine Untersuchung zur Rolle des Dolmetschers in der
Außenpolitik (A study on the interpreter’s role in foreign policy).
Masterarbeit FTSK Germersheim/Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
*
Interpreters working for heads of states and during high-level political
meetings are an integral part of international relations. Still, they remain
invisible. This thesis investigates the interpreter’s role in foreign policy
with a focus on Germany. A qualitative study based on insights from social
sciences was conducted, interviewing three interpreters of the German Foreign
Office. First of all, the analysis concentrated on detecting requirements for
interpreters in foreign policy. For this cause, a set of preliminary categories
was developed which was then refined in the course of the interview analysis.
Preparation, diplomatic speech, empathy, trust, confidentiality, objectivity,
diplomatic protocol, stress resistance, self-criticism and cooperation with
colleagues turned out to be relevant requirements. Secondly, it was analysed
whether interpreters in foreign policy perceive their roles as rather visible
or invisible. The findings suggest that interpreters mostly see themselves as
invisible and neutral mediators. However, there are situations where they will
take on a rather visible role, if this serves to ensure the success of a
political meeting. (DA)
Schwarnthorer, Michaela. 2010. Mediendolmetschen
aus Zuschauer- und Zuhörersicht am Beispiel der Amtsantrittsrede von Präsident
Obama. 125 pages, Master’s thesis, University of Vienna.
* This work on the perception of quality of two
interpretations into German of Obama’s inaugural speech, with a comparison of
perceptions by lay people and interpreting students, can be viewed online at http://othes.univie.ac.at/11003/1/2010-09-01_0304126.pdf.
Winter,
Miriam. 2011. Das
Dolmetscherwesen im Dritten Reich: Gleichschaltung und Indoktrinierung.
Masterarbeit FTSK Germersheim/Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
* This thesis
aims to explore the interpreting profession in the Third Reich and seeks to
demonstrate the different ways in which the ruling regime sought to ensure
interpreters would further the National Socialist cause. Drawing on archive
material and other primary sources, part one of this thesis focuses on the
impact of the Gleichschaltung (or ‘co-ordination’) of German society on the
training, accreditation, employment, working conditions, and professional
representation of interpreters. Special attention is given to the respective
work of two institutions which were heavily involved in regulating access to
the interpreting market: the Deutsche Kongress-Zentrale and the Reichsfachschaft
für das Dolmetscherwesen (RfD). Part two of this thesis presents the reader
with an analysis of the English-language version of Dolmetscher-Bereitschaft, a
monthly publication by the RfD intended for the education of interpreters. It
is argued that the material was also designed to inculcate interpreters with
National Socialist ideology. (DA)
DOCTORAL
DISSERTATIONS
CHOI, Jung-Yoon. 2008. The effect of the
Metacognitive Grid on the learning curve for consecutive interpreting: A
metacognitive approach to learning and evaluating student performance. Doctoral
dissertation, ETI, University of Geneva.
GAO, Bin. 2008. Conjectures
and Refutations: An Inquiry into Researches on Cognitive Processes in
Simultaneous Interpreting [In Chinese]. PhD dissertation. Shanghai
University of International Studies
[Abstract]
The complexity of simultaneous interpreting (SI) has
aroused the interest of many researchers ever since the advent of SI in the
1940s. The development of cognitive science has greatly changed the landscape
of SI studies in the past fifty years. While many studies examined the
functions and skills of individual cognitive process(es) in SI, few addressed
the evolution of SI research and developmental implications of relations
between interpreting studies and cognitive science. The underlying driving
force of the progression of SI studies remains to be unexplored. This
dissertation explores the evolution of researches on cognitive processes in SI
and relates it to the interaction between SI studies and cognitive science
against a reconstructed historical background, and makes a comparative study of
simultaneous interpreting studies in the western countries and in China. This
dissertation is the first attempt to adopt an evolutionary approach to examine
the progression of SI studies and to relate it to that of cognitive science.
The dissertation investigates western SI studies from 1950 to 2007 both
qualitatively and quantitatively on a case by case basis, followed by a
corpus-driven research on SI studies’ bibliography in the West (2000-2007) and
in China (1994-2007). The results indicate that the development of SI studies
in the West has been generally in line with Popper’s evolutionary theory of
knowledge in a much complicated pattern. To better illustrate the evolution
process, a roadmap is proposed to account for conjectures, refutations and
inheritance in SI studies. The dissertation identifies cognitive science as the
main source of conjectures and refutations in SI studies, in the sense that SI
studies rely significantly on theories and models of cognitive science in
eliminating errors in previous researches. SI studies have successfully
followed cognitive science in transforming from disembodied cognition to
embodied cognition, broadened the scope of its inquiry to include subjectivity
and context in situated cognition. However, in spite of the rapprochement it may
have seemingly achieved in SI and cognitive science, the interface between the
two fields has always been a problem of overriding importance that might hinder
the potential growth for simultaneous interpreting studies. In contrast, the
corpus-based analysis of bibliography of Chinese interpreting studies’ doesn’t
show similar progression pattern and interface discrepancy, which is not an
inviting suggestion to interpreting studies in China. The data given in the
present dissertation show the existence of a big gap between China and the West
in terms of the quantity and quality of interpreting studies and simultaneous
interpreting studies in particular. In view of the existing problems of SI
research in China, a number of proposals are made to ameliorate SI studies and
evolution of research in the future. (WB)
LEE, Yun-Hyang. 2008. Self-assessment
in interpreter training: student-teacher interface model of assessment.
Doctoral dissertation, ETI, University of Geneva.
PAGURA, Reynaldo José. 2010. A interpretação de
conferências no Brasil: história de sua prática profissional e a formação de
intérpretes brasileiros. Conference interpreting
in Brazil: a history of its professional practice and the training of Brazilian
interpreters. 231p. PhD
Dissertation. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade
de São Paulo. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-09022011-151705/pt-br.php
Seeber, Killian. 2007. Cognitive
load in simultaneous interpreting: A psychophysiological approach to
identifying differences between syntactically symmetrical and asymmetrical
language structures. Doctoral dissertation, ETI, University of Geneva.
WANG, Binhua. 2009. Description
of Norms in Interpreting and Its Application – A Study Based on the Corpus of
Consecutive Interpreting in Chinese Premier Press Conferences [In Chinese].
PhD dissertation. Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.
Abstract:
For a long period in its history, interpreting studies (IS) has focused
on the exploration of cognitive processing in interpreting behaviors, which
cannot be regarded as being the whole of IS. An adequate description of
interpreting behaviors and activities, as the disciplinary foundation of IS,
requires not only the exploration of internal cognitive processing factors but
also the examination of external social and cultural factors. Interpreters’
interpreting performance is shaped by all these factors in combination, the
major forces of which include: a) the interpreter’s interpreting competence, b)
the cognitive conditions on site, and c) norms of interpreting. This
dissertation intends to do a systematic descriptive study of norms in the
interpreting activities of China’s annual Premier Press Conferences (PPC). It attempts to explore the
following three questions:
1) What
norms does the consecutive interpreting (CI) in PPC embody?
2)
Are there differences between the “actual norms” on
site and the “perceived norms” represented by meta-textual documents? If there are, what differences?
3) How
can the description of norms in interpreting be applied to interpreting
training and interpreting assessment?
The
description of on-site actual norms is based on quantitative and qualitative
analysis into the corpus of CI in 11 PPCs from 1998 to 2008. The norms of
source-target language relations are described through an inter-textual
comparison between SL and TL; the norms of target-language communication are
described through an intra-textual analysis of the TL; the norms of
professional ethics are described through an extra-textual analysis of the
interpreters’ interviews and reflections concerning their interpreting
activities.
The
description of perceived norms is conducted through the analysis of
meta-textual documents of the interpreting profession. Then a systematic
comparison is done between the actual norms and the perceived norms to discover
their differences in norms of SL-TL relations, norms of target-language communication
and norms of professional ethics.
As the
application of the results from description of norms, the dissertation then
outlines a professional interpreting training model oriented to the cultivation
of interpreter competence and constructs a norms-based model for the assessment
of interpreter competence.
Major
findings concerning the “actual norms” in on-site interpreting:
1) Norms
of SL-TL relations: Interpreters tend to adhere to the ST-TT relation norm of
adequacy, ST-TT relation norm of explicitation of logical cohesion and
coherence, ST-TT relation norm of specificity of content and ST-TT relation
norm of explicitness of message.
2) Norms
of TL communication: Interpreters tend to adhere to the communication norm of
optimizing bilingual communication and the communication norm of facilitating
and promoting communication and the communication norm of optimizing
communication effect.
3) Norms
of professional ethics: Interpreters tend to adhere to the norm of professional
ethics, according to which they try to balance their loyalty to the speaker,
the commissioner, the audience and any other relevant parties and they abide by
professional morals. Interpreters’ role is not transparent and invisible.
The study
of comparison between “actual norms” and “perceived norms” yields the following
major findings:
1) Norms
of SL-TL relations: While the perceived norm of being accurate and complete is
confirmed as an actual norm, the norm of faithfulness cannot be verified in a
strong sense in on-site interpreting because on-site interpreters tend to be
clearer in logic, more specific in content and more explicit in meaning and
have a weak tendency of omitting, condensing and even changing.
2) Norms
of TL communication: The actual norm of promoting communication is consistent
with the perceived norm.
3) Norms
of professional ethics: Most perceived norms of professional ethics are
confirmed as actual norms, including Professional competence, Confidentiality,
Avoiding conflict of interest, Professional conduct, Professional solidarity
and Ensuring professional working conditions. However, interpreters are not so
invisible in real-life interpreting as what is laid down in meta-textual
documents.
The
application of the present study is two-fold: First, the study of norms in interpreting
can enlarge the scope of interpreting pedagogy. It suggests that “interpreter
competence” can be a better orientation of goal for interpreting training. An
initial exploration of the concept of interpreter- competence-oriented training
is provided here. Second, the study of norms in interpreting may help to
broaden the horizon of research into interpreting assessment. A model for the
assessment of interpreter competence is constructed here.
The
deficiency of the present study may be complemented by more description of
other modes of interpreting in different interpreting settings, such as
business interpreting, escort interpreting and court interpreting, which remain
to be topics awaiting further exploration. (WB)
Zhang, Wei. 2007. Simultaneous
Interpreting and Working Memory [In Chinese]. PhD dissertation. Beijing
University of Foreign Studies
[Abstract]
This
thesis, guided by the theories of linguistic information processing and
memorial resources allocation, applies a synthetic methodology composed of
experiment, survey and field observation in an effort to explore the relation
between Simultaneous Interpreting (SI) and Working Memory (WM) in the context
of SI between English and Chinese, thus attempting to develop a model
demonstrating WM in SI.
This
thesis is made up of seven parts, namely introduction, body (five chapters) and
conclusion.
Chapter
One starts with a brief account of the history of interpreting as well as
interpreting’s nature and features, and goes on to review the researches on
relation between memory and interpreting, highlighting the drawbacks of the
forerunners and stating the possible future work for the followers.
Chapter
Two details the key elements of the thesis: research purpose, research value,
theoretical basis and research design. Firstly, the thesis sets its purpose as
a exploration of the relation between SI and WM: 1) SI’s impact on SI; 2) the
correlation between WM and SI’s performance; 3) the WM’s growth in SI; 4) WM’s
role in different direction of SI. Besides, a model will consequently be
formulated to reflect the relation between WM and SI. Secondly, the value of
the thesis lies in 1) a clearer idea of interpreting’s cognitive processing and
new assessment of interpreting’s theory; 2) a more objective view of memory in
interpreting performance, thus a more effective training. Thirdly, the
theoretical sources are 1) cognitive abilities’ growth (WM); 2) controlled and
automatic linguistic information processing. Fourthly, the thesis is designed
to 1) combine experiment, survey and field observation, supported by
quantitative and qualitative data; 2) link diachronic with synchronic approach
for the memorial disparity between interpreters of varying levels as well as
dynamic nature of memory resources at different interpreting stages.
Chapter
Three presents a survey report on interpreters’ natural views about the
relation between SI and WM. The results of the survey are 1) memory is a major
element affecting interpreting processing, but its effect is not so obvious as
that of language knowledge and transfer skills; 2) non-interpreters attach more
importance to the effect of memory on interpreting and the role of memory
training than those interpreters. Besides, the professional interpreters are
generally more open-minded about the effect of memory, stressing the
significance of strategies awareness and communicative abilities in
interpreting; while the interpreting learners pay more attention to memory and
its relevant training.
Chapter
Four offers a field observation of WM in interpreting, taking omission as the
object of analysis. The findings of the observation are 1) WM is an essential
factor affecting interpreting, but the flexible application of other
interpreting strategies exert a greater impact on interpreting performance; 2)
the role of WM is largely determined by the contextual factors in the real
setting of interpreting; 3) WM is more involved in the processing of semantic
information, and the interpreters are more aware of the memory-related
interpreting problems.
Chapter
Five conducts four experiments to probe deeper into the relation between SI and
WM. The conclusions of the experiments are 1) SI imposes both positive and
negative effects on WM, positive ones being more noticeable. On one hand, SI
disturbs the WM’ processing of incoming information (more evident under greater
pressure of information processing); on the other, SI facilitates WM’s growth,
especially WM’s efficient allocation; 2) in the beginning phase of SI practice,
WM’s amount exhibits a clearer correlation with SI, while in the higher phase
of SI practice, WM’s allocation efficiency shows a stronger correlation with
SI; 3) WM is an essential factor affecting SI’s processing and performance.
WM’s allocation efficiency exerts a greater impact on SI’s performance than the
mere amount of WM; 4) WM has a stronger correlation with B→A (from
foreign language to mother tongue) SI than with A→B (from mother tongue
to foreign language) SI. Under greater pressure of information processing, WMs’
effect on B→A SI will be more evident, and B→A SI’s performance
will relatively suffer more than A→B SI’s performance.
Chapter
Six sums up the data-based relation between SI and WM, modifies the models
proposed by other scholars, thus working out a new model consisting of
interpreting context, memory system (WM at the core) and interpreting
processing. The model 1) illuminates the restrictions of interpreting context
on memory resources; 2) depicts the function of memory (esp. WM) in the whole
information processing in SI: reception, storage, processing, monitoring,
outputting and feedback, etc.; 3) exposes the mutually dependent relations
between SI and WM.
Chapter
Seven gives a general account of the major findings and defects of the
research, and the prospects of follow-up studies in terms of more precise
memory measurement in interpreting, more systematic methodology and
interdisciplinary strategy.
In
conclusion, the paper’s major findings can be summarized as follows:
First,
a handsome amount of empirical data about cognitive processing in interpreting
has been recorded for the first time in China, rectifying the pure perceptual
experience and solely theoretical expositions characterizing the earlier
relevant researches in China, thus constituting essential reference and basis
for future explorations.
Second,
confirmative and adjustive evidence has been found for the theory of cognitive
resources allocation (Effort Model) and “deverbalization” (contained in théorie
du sens born in France) respectively. 1)
Empirical data have been obtained for the first time in the world to prove that
presentation speed as well as linguistic structure of source language hinder
the allocation of memory resources in interpreting, hence affecting the
interpreters’ performance; 2) Objective data have been acquired for the first
time in China to show that interpreters’ preservation of source information
doesn’t necessarily entail loss of source linguistic form (be it key word,
structure, etc.), highlighting the possibility of some special linguistic forms
representing core information in interpreting, thus defying “deverbalization”
as an inevitable phase in interpreting.
Third,
a new Working Memory Model in Simultaneous Interpreting is designed for both a
description of memory systems (WM being the core) involved in information
processing in simultaneous interpreting and an explanation of the relationship
between WM and SI.
Fourth,
a first-ever account in the world has been made about the relation between WM
and direction of interpreting. And the relevant empirical data have shown that
WM exerts greater influence on B→A (from foreign language to mother
tongue) SI than on A→B (from mother tongue to foreign language) SI.
Key words: working memory, simultaneous interpreting,
cognitive processing, model (WB)
Zhang, Jiliang. 2008. The
Interpretive Theory of Translation in the Context of Modern Interpreting
Studies [In Chinese]. PhD dissertation. Shanghai University of
International Studies
[Abstract]
Deviating from the Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy,
the Interpretive Theory of Translation is underpinned by the Embodied
Philosophy. Both enlightened and inspired by psychology and cognitive science,
the Paris School, represented by Danica Seleskovitch and Marianne Lederer,
pioneered the study of psychological process of interpreting, a popular subject
of modern interpreting studies. The Interpretive Theory of Translation sees
interpreting proper as a means of communication which focuses on the
transmission of messages. It holds that the perception and comprehension,
deverbalization, reproduction of the intended meaning of the original speaker
constitute the whole cognitive process of interpreting with deverbalization as
the critical intermediate stage of information processing. Based on this
understanding, Seleskovtich proposed a triangular model of interpreting process
and the hypothesis of deverbalization. However, Seleskovitch and her disciples
neither came up with a detailed explanation of how messages lose their linguistic
package and get stored and retrieved, and what the carriers of deverbalized
message are, nor did they elaborate on the way how linguistic information is
processed. Inspired by the Language of Thought hypothesis proposed by modern
psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology, the dissertation holds that human
thinking precedes and is bigger than its linguistic presentation, and that it
is carried by both verbal forms and non-verbal symbols, and the mental
processing of linguistic information in interpreting entails 3 pairs of six
different cognitive operations, namely, serial processing and parallel
distributed processing, top-down processing and bottom-up processing, coupled
with automatic processing and controlled processing. Theoretically underpinned
by the Interpretive Theory of Translation, the Interpreter Training Model of
ESIT is formulated in the social and linguistic context of Europe decades ago.
The model stipulates that interpreting students are only allowed to practise SI
into language A rather than language B, and that foreign language enhancement
courses are not supposed to be the essential constituents of interpreter
training programmes. As a matter of fact, this training model, if properly
complied with, could ensure the high quality of conference interpreter
training. However, in response to the fast changing interpreting market
situations in Europe and the Far East over the past two decades, the once
training taboo of SI into language B and a language enhancement course for
interpreting students is now being broken. As practisearchers, Seleskovitch and
Lederer show their immediate concern over interpreting practice and pedagogy,
and this well accounts for the great popularity that their research work enjoys
among the interpreting community. However, both Seleskovitch and Lederer make
personal theorization by heavily relying on intuitive speculation rather than
real scientific research which is favored by the somewhat heterogeneous
scientific community of a new generation of researchminded practisearchers with
more sophisticated research methodology and expertise, thus failing to make
significant breakthroughs in updating their Interpretive Theory of Translation
since its inception in the 1960s and 1970s.The Interpretive Theory of Translation,
a pioneer in the study of the dynamic process of conference interpreting, is
the cornerstone for interpreting practice and pedagogy, and has exerted
significant and far-reaching impact upon the formation of interpreting
community and the academization of interpreter training. It also throws light
on the research in machine translation. However, Seleskovitch and her disciples
have marginalized speech texts by refusing to adopt the linguistic approach in
their interpreting research, and their failure to probe into the root causes of
unsuccessful interpreting by focusing merely on successful scenarios has
reduced its theoretical value and affected its reception. What is more,
Seleskovitch and her research community failed to explain to what extent interpreters
are supposed to “interpret” the original speech. Their refusal to recognize the
existence of untranslatability, and to adopt the foreignization strategy of
interpreting is likely to arouse disputes in the interpreting community. (WB)
…and
BEYOND CONFERENCE INTERPRETING
Andres,
Dörte/Anke Szofer. 2010. Zwischen den Lagern. Ha Jins War Trash, in: Kaindl, Klaus/Kurz,
Ingrid (Hrsg.). Machtlos, selbstlos,
meinungslos? Interdisziplinäre Analysen von ÜbersetzerInnen und
DolmetscherInnen in belletristischen Werken. Wien: LIT. 65-73.
Between two
camps. Ha Jin’s “War trash”. The protagonist of Ha Jin’s novel War trash, the Chinese officer Yu Yuan,
is interned in an American prisoner of war camp during the Korean War. He
speaks English, so he starts to work as an interpreter there. Yu Yuan is
described as a cultured person eager for knowledge, working hard to improve his
English skills. On the other hand, he feels superior to the prisoners and other
interpreters, remains detached and opportunistic, which does not make him
especially likeable. But while he may not be a selfless hero, he certainly is a
“little hero”, who not only survives a war, but also acts responsibly and
according to his moral standards while trying to remain neutral and to avoid
conflict in order to save his life. In contrast to the majority of interpreter
figures in literary works, Yu Yuan is neither a language machine nor torn
between cultures. Instead he is a person endowed with a “broader view” and
acting in a very human way.
Andres,
Dörte. 2010. Den
Balkankonflikt dolmetschen – eine translationsethische Betrachtung, in: Hebenstreit, Gernot/Grbic
Nadja/Vorderobermeier, Gisella/Wolf,
Michaela (Hrsg.). Festschrift für Erich Prunč. Tübingen:
Stauffenburg. 340-352.
Interpreting
the Balcan Conflict. A reflection on translation ethics.
Do interpreters in situations of conflict manage to
say „almost the same thing in other words“ in a different language or are there
limits to their mediating role? How do interpreters respond to the distrust
they are often faced with? How can they protect themselves against being
accused of treason?
This essay deals with the work of interpreters during
the Balkan Conflict, addressing the issues of recruiting, the unique working
conditions and the physical and psychological strain. Role behavior and
neutrality are examined from the perspective of translation ethics in order to
help analyse the specifics of the setting interpreting
in conflict situations. As a result, it is shown that the “traditional”
norm-oriented translation ethics reach their limits in this complex field of
action. Therefore, the debate about translation ethics has to be taken in a new
direction, for which Erich Prunč’s publications offer numerous
suggestions.
Kellett
Bidoli, Cynthia J. 2010. Interpreting from speech to sign: Italian
television news reports. The Interpreters’ Newsletter 15. 173-191.
Köllmann, Anke. 2011. Dolmetschen im psychotherapeutischen
Setting: Eindrücke aus der Praxis. Masterarbeit FTSK Germersheim/Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
* In this
paper, the author focuses on the influence of the individual background of all
three participants (therapist, interpreter, patient) on their interaction in a therapeutic
setting. For that purpose, members of two ‘therapeutic triads’ were interviewed
individually; their answers then were compared to one another as well as to
examples described by other authors. Already in this small-scale study it
became obvious that interaction in a therapeutic setting with three
participants is remarkably influenced by several factors, including: a)
training and therapeutic approach of the therapist as well as his/her approach
to working with an interpreter; b) training, experience and biography of the
interpreter; c) biography of the patient and special expectations towards the
interpreter resulting from it. (DA)
Mohr,
Claudia. 2011. Dolmetscher
in Kriegs- und Krisengebieten: Asylpolitik am Beispiel Irak. Masterarbeit
FTSK Germersheim/Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
* The study aims
at describing the life of local interpreters in Iraq after the withdrawal of
the troops, the consequences of this withdrawal for interpreters, and the
measures taken by employers to protect them. The author proposes ways to
improve the situation of the interpreters; also, she calls upon
governments, professional associations and professional interpreters to work
towards improving the situation of interpreters in conflict and war zones. (DA)
Napier,
Jemina. 2010. An historical review of signed language
interpreting research: featuring highlights of personal research. Cadernos de
Tradução 2:26. 63-97. http://www.periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/traducao
(In a special issue devoted to
signed language interpreting, with papers mostly in Portuguese)
Pires
Pereira, Maria Cristina. 2008. Interpretação interlíngüe: as especifidades de
interpretação de língua de sinais. Cadernos de Tradução
21:1.135-156.
* On the
specific features of signed language interpreting.
Ren, Wen. 2008. A
Study of Liaison Interpreters’ Subjectivity Consciousness. (in Chinese) PhD
dissertation. Sichuan University.
Abstract: Apart
from Introduction and Conclusion, the dissertation is composed of six chapters.
Chapter One, “Liaison Interpreters’ Subjectivity Consciousness”, identifies,
expounds and constructs the concepts of subject, subjectivity and subjectivity
consciousness. Chapter Two, “Liaison Interpreters’ Ethical Consciousness”,
frames and sets a limit to liaison interpreters’ subjectivity consciousness,
i.e., liaison interpreters’ subjectivity should be ethical. Chapters Three to
Five elucidates the rationality and necessity of the main components of liaison
interpreters’ subjectivity consciousness as well as their respective ways of
manifestation in discourse practice. If Chapters Three, Four and Five are to be
defined as qualitative research, Chapter Six, “Questionnaire Survey and Data
Analysis”, is then quantitative research with an aim to further provide
empirical evidence for the outcome of qualitative research to make the
conclusion of this dissertation more persuasive. (WB)
YANABU, Akira; MIZUNO, Akira; NAGANUMA, Mikako (eds). 2010. 日本の翻訳論アンソロジ一と解題 (Japanese translation theory, an annotated
anthology). Tokyo: Houseidaigakushuppankyoku.
* This
collective volume consists of 31 essays on Japanese views of translation
ranging from the Meiji period to contemporary Japan, with annotations from
translation theorists which often refer to international contemporary TS. An
interesting and informative text, to my knowledge the first markedly scholarly
book on translation of the kind. It shows well the extension of the interests
of interpreting scholars from the former Japanese Association for
Interpretation Studies, in this case Akira MIZUNO, into written translation.
Let us hope someone will take the initiative of translating the book into
English in the near future so that international readers can also have the
benefit of its content.
Also note that TTR,
the official journal of CATS, the Canadian Association for Translation Studies,
published by Concordia University in Montreal, has published a special issue
devoted to translation in Japan, TTR
22:1(2009). This special issue includes, inter alia, an interesting paper
by Akira MIZUNO, “A Genealogy of
Literal Translation in Modern Japan”, a paper by Yukai Fukuchi Meldrum on Translationese in Japanese Literary
Translation and a paper by Akira YANABU
on the so-called Cassette Effect.
Meta, the well-known Canadian
translation journal, also published in Montreal, had published a special issue
devoted to translation and interpreting in Japan in 1988 in its 33(1) issue.
It would have been nice to see at least a reference to that special issue of
Meta in the special issue of TTR, and perhaps a comparison of what has changed
over the past 22 years.
Present Nodes
Nodes are local
institutional or individual members who represent CIRIN in their respective
geographical area. Members volunteer to become Nodes; they cease to
operate as such at any time after notifying headquarters in Paris of their
intention.
For Albania: Erida Prifti, Lagia “Dëshmorët”, Nr. 1309,
0000 Vlora erida.prifti@gmail.com
For Argentina:
Silvia Veronica Lang, Coletta 373 2804, Campana, Provincia de Buenos Aires
For Australia:
JC Lloyd-Southwell, Department of Language and International Studies, Faculty
of Language, Education and Community Services, RMIT University, Melbourne -
Telephone (03) 9527- 4160 or mobile 0414-614-022
For Austria:
Franz Pöchhacker, Center for Translation Studies, University of Vienna,
Gymnasiumstr. 50, A-1190 Wien - e-mail: Franz.Poechhacker@univie.ac.at
For Belgium:
Erik Hertog, Lessius Hogeschool,
St.-Andriesstraat 2, 2000 Antwerp Tel: 32 3 206 04 91 (ext. 264) Fax: 32 3 206 04 99 - e-mail: erik.hertog@lessius-ho.be
For Canada:
Stephen Capaldo, Interpretation and Translation Service, Legislative Offices,
Room 3657, Whitney Block, Queen's Park, Toronto, Canada M7A 1A2
For
Chile: Gertrudis Payàs, Escuela de Lenguas y Traducción,
Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avda. Alemania
0422, Temuco, C.P. 4810296, CHILE payas@lagerta.com
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Kong): Andrew Cheung, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- e-mail: profakc@gmail.com
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Ailing (Irene) Zhang, Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation,
Shanghai International Studies University, 550 Dalian Road (W), Shanghai
200083, P.R.China - e-mail: azhang@shisu.edu.cn
For China (Taiwan):
Riccardo Moratto, Fu Jen Catholic University/National Taiwan Normal University
(NTNU), personal address Rm. 11, 19F., No.23, Minquan Rd., Danshui Township,
Taipei County 251, Taiwan (R.O.C.) - e-mail: riccardomoratto@gmail.com
For Costa Rica:
Priscila Siu, Apartado 846-2350, San Francisco de Dos Rios San Jose, Costa Rica
- e-mail: prissiu@sol.racsa.co.cr
For Cuba:
Lourdes Arencibia, 17 No.357 (altos) esquina a G. Vedado. La Habana 4 -
e-mail: lourdes@cubarte.cult.cu
For the Czech
Republic: Ivana Cenkova, Charles University, Institute of Translation
Studies, UTRL FF UK, Hybernska 3, 110 00
Praha 1
tel 42 02 216 195 13
fax 42 02 216 195 28 - e-mail: IVANA.CENKOVA@ff.cuni.cz
For Denmark: Helle Dam, Handelshojskolen i Aarhus, Fuglesangs
Allé 4, DK-8210 Arhus V - e-mail: HD@asb.dk
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Cairo shara11@hotmail.com
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Puusepp, Vallikraavi12-15, 51003
Tartu, Estonia. mpuusepp@hot.ee
For Finland: Yves Gambier, University of Turku - Centre for
Translation and Interpreting, Koskenniemenkatu 4 - 20500 TURKU, Finland - yves.gambier@utu.fi
For France: Daniel Gile, 46, rue d'Alembert,
92190 Meudon - e-mail: daniel.gile@yahoo.com
For Germany: Sylvia
Kalina, Fachhochschule Köln, Fachbereich
Sprachen, Mainzerstr. 5, 50678 Köln -
e-mail: Sylvia.Kalina@fh-koeln.de
For Greece:
Anastasia Parianou, Ionian University, Megaro Kapodistria, 49100 Corfu -
e-mail: papik1@otenet.gr
For Hungary:
Krisztina Bohak Szabari, Eötvös Lorand University Budapest, Zsalya u. 3, H-1141
Budapest, bohak@mail.inext.hu
For India:
Ujjal Singh Bahri, Editor, International Journal of Translation. e-mail: bahrius@del6.vsnl.net.in
For Ireland:
Michael Cronin, School of Applied Languages, Dublin, City University, Dublin 9,
Ireland - e-mail: croninm@dcu.ie
For Israel: Miriam
Shlesinger, Bar Ilan University, 12 Recanati Street, 69494 Ramat-Aviv, Shlesm@mail.biu.ac.il
For Italy: Scuola
Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori, Universita degli Studi
di Trieste, Via Filzi 14, 34132 Trieste - e-mail: laurag@sslmit.univ.trieste.it
For Japan: Masaomi
Kondo, Daito Bunka University, Dept. of
Economics, 1-9-1 Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Phone: 935
1111 - e-mail: omikondo@amber.plala.or.jp
For Mexico: CESLAA
(Dra Georganne Weller), Tlaxcala 78-501, Col. Roma Sur, México, D.F. 06760 -
e-mail: georgann@avantel.net
For Peru: ASPTI -
Asociación de Profesionales en Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad
Femenina del Sagrado Corazón, Calle Raymundo Carcamo 912, Urb. Santa Caline, Lima -
13
For the Philippines:
Ms. Ross Alonzo, University of the Philippines. 52 Apacible St. Area 1, U.P.
Diliman Campus, Quezon City 1101
For Poland: Bartlomiejczyk,
Magdalena Univ of Silesia, Institute of
English, ul. Zytnia 10, 41-205 Sosnowiec,
Poland: magdalenabartlomiejczyk@hotmail.com
For Portugal:
Manuel Santiago Ribeiro, Rua Correia Teles, 32-2º PT - 1350-100 Lisboa,
tel/fax: + 351.21.386.9429 - e-mail: msr@aiic.net
For Rumania:
Doina Motas, 3, Nicolaie Iorga Str., Bucarest 1, 71117
For Russia:
Elena Alikina, Perm State Technical University
elena_alikina@ecology.perm.ru
For Spain:
John MATTHEWS, Facultad de Traduccion e Interpretacion, Universidad Autonoma de
Barcelona, Edifici M, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyala, Barcelona, tel/fax +34 3
580 65 45 - e-mail: jmatthews@grn.es
For Sweden:
Cecilia Wadensjö, Dept. of Communication Studies, Linköping University, S-581
83 Linköping - e-mail: cecwa@tema.liu.se
For Turkey:
Hande Ersöz-Demirdað, Yildiz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen- Edebiyat Fakültesi Bati Dilleri Ofis: B1018, Davutpasa Cad no:
127, 34210 Esenler/Ýstanbul Turkey, tel: +90 212 449 15 58 handeersoz@hotmail.com
For the United
Kingdom: Udo Jörg, 378 Ivydale Road, London SE15 3DG - e-mail: UdoJorg@aol.com
For Uruguay: Maria
Julia Sainz, Facultad de Derecho/Traductorado, Universidad de la Republica, Bvar.
Artigas 210
11.300
Montevideo, Uruguay tel/fax (598 2) 711 54 56 - e-mail: mjsainz@adinet.com.uy
For the USA:
Adelina Hild, 130 Mitchell Road, Somers, NY 10589, Tel: (914) 239 3551 adelina@gmx.ch
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