THE CIRIN BULLETIN
Conference
Interpreting Research
Information Network
An independent network for the
dissemination of information on
conference interpreting
research (CIR)
__________________________________________________________________
BULLETIN n°32
June 2006
Editor: Daniel Gile
Contributors to
this issue:
Ivana Čeňková
(CI), CAI Xiaohong (CXH), Ingrid Kurz (IK), Xiao Xiaoyan (XXY)
Editorial address:
D. Gile, 46, rue d'Alembert,
92190 Meudon, France
tel/fax +33 1 45 34 83 84
e-mail:
daniel.gile@laposte.net
Web site: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/daniel.gile/
This Bulletin aims at contributing to the
dissemination of information on conference interpreting research (CIR) and at
providing useful information to members of the CIR community worldwide. It is
intended to achieve maximum coverage of research into this sub-field of
interpreting, and only occasionally refers to research and publications in
other sub-fields. The Bulletin is published twice a year, in December
and June. For further information and electronic or paper copies of early
issues (the last issue is available on the Web site at any time), please
contact D. Gile.
Note:
the mini-abstracts are followed by the initials of the contributors who sent in
the information, but the text is either written or adapted from the original
text by D.Gile, who takes responsibility for the comments and for potential
errors introduced by him.
* *
*
At this point, we have few reports on MA theses
completed this year. Perhaps more will come in in September and October. Note
the large proportion of contributions from Asia. Japan started producing
publications on interpreting other than books on a regular basis about 15 year
ago, and Korea followed a bit later. It seems that China is becoming very
active in the field as well. Unlike European and North American publications,
which are written mostly in English, these texts are written mostly in Chinese,
Japanese and Korean and are thus difficult to access for the rest of the
community. This is a pity, both because of the content of some of these publications
– which is often original - and because colleagues in the West may have
something to learn from working methods and social organization in these
countries. I am thinking in particular of Japanese colleagues, who have managed
to attract the attention of a number interpreter trainers and scholars in
various universities and motivate them to do research beyond a single work,
including more teamwork research than in the West and the use of corpora – inter
alia.
D.G.
CAI
Xiaohong. 2005.
On the teaching evaluation of interpreting. (In Chinese). Chinese Translation Journal 2005/6:
58-61.
* Abstract: The teaching evaluation must correspond
with the propositions of the goal of our teaching. Thus the design of a
complete and scientific evaluation system of the teaching of interpreting must
be guided by the real story of the teaching. The training itself is a classroom
teaching and hence bears the feature of progressive growth. The criterion of
the evaluation shall not only be feasible, but also present a profile of the
interpreting capability of students. In application, the evaluation shall be
both a connecting link between different stages of the training and the
moderator of the pace and direction of the training. A complete evaluation
system shall consist of a series of assessments, which can be further broken
down into summative and formative assessments; continual and selective
assessments; in and out of class assessments; intra-school and inter-school co-
assessments and etc. Through a detailed system like this, teachers can learn
the effect of the teaching and modify the schedule accordingly. For the
students, they can also tell the performance, the scope of progress they are
making and the existing problems by themselves.
This essay gives a detailed analysis about the interpreting teaching evaluation
from the aspects of the goal, categorization and periodical assessments of the
training. The author aims to put forward a complete and practical system for
interpreting evaluation. (CXH)
Čeňková, Ivana.
2005. Sinhrnonnyj perevod v institutah Evropejskog Soûza I na
cesskom rynke (in Russian). In Salevsky, Heidemarie (ed).
105-112.
* This paper describes conference interpreter training
in the Czech Republic as well as interpreting in the Czech market and EU
institutions.(IC)
Choi, Jungwha. 2005. A
study of the demand for conference interpretation. (in
Korean) Conference Interpretation and Translation 7:2. 217-236.
* The title is explicit. Statistics
on the demand for conference interpreting from the year 2000 to the year 2004.
Choi, Jung-Yoon.
2005. Proposing a Performance Assessment Tool for Consecutive Interpretation. Conference
Interpretation and Translation 7:2. 195-215.
* The author presents a matrix for the assessment of
various components of quality in consecutive interpreting, complete with rating
scales and weighting coefficients.
DU
Zhengming & MENG Xiangchun, Workload Studies: An
Interpreter-centered Research Program. (In Chinese). Chinese
Translation Journal 2005/5: 76-79.
* Abstract: Proceeding from a preliminary review of
AIIC’s research program of “Workload Studies”, this paper looks into China’s
current situation of conference interpretation and concludes that the AIIC
program is of particular value to Chinese CI practitioners and researchers in
four areas of their endeavor, namely, the systematization of their research,
the streamlining and regulation of their profession, the positive development
of the CI market, and the organization of their trade.
(CXH)
Furuyama, N., Nobe, S., Someya, Y.,
Sekine, K., Hayashi, S. 2005. A study on gestures in simultaneous interpreters (in Japanese). Interpretation Studies 5. 111-136.
* An original study, the analysis of a video-taped
corpus of professional and student interpreters’ gestures during simultaneous
interpreting between English and Japanese. The paper starts with a general
characterization of gestures as emblems or spontaneous gestures (iconics,
metaphorics, deictics and beats), but the following analysis is mostly
quantitative (how many gestures of each type are found).Initial results suggest
that professionals make few gestures when interpreting formal, well-prepared
speeches, and produce more in difficult speech segments and during Question and
Answer sessions. It also appears that much variation is found in the gestures
of beginners.
General,
Claudia, Kalina, Sylvia und Kurz, Ingrid. 2004.
Multi-Center-Studie zum mehrfach gemittelten einsprachigen
Konsekutivdolmetschen - Ein Beispiel für datengestützte hochschulübergreifende
dolmetschwissenschaftliche Kooperation. In: House J./Koller W./Schubert K.
(Hrsg.) Neue Perspektiven in der Dolmetschwissenschaft. Festschrift für
Heidrnu Gerzymisch-Arbogast zum 60. Geburtstag. Bochum: AKS. 129-150.
Gile, Daniel. 2005. Conference Interpreting. In Brown, Keith (ed).
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd
Edition. Oxford: Elsevier. Vol. 3, p.9-23.
Gile, Daniel. 2006. Interpreting
Studies as an academic discipline : sociological
and scientific aspects (Chinese translation of the English text). In GU
Zhengkun & SHI Zhongyi (eds). 2006. West and East:
Developments in Translation Studies (in Chinese). Tianjin, China: Baihua
Literature and Art Publishing House. (Volume Four of New perspectives in
Humanities). 283-301.
* The
only paper on interpreting in this collection of Chinese translations of
invited papers, mostly from Western TS authors (see the Recent Publications,
June 2006 page of the EST website www.est-translationstudies.org)
HUANG Min. 2005.
Toward a More Standardized Large-scale Accreditation Test for Interpreters. (In Chinese). Chinese Translation Journal 2005/6:
62-65.
* Abstract: Four relatively large-scale
accreditation tests for interpreters are currently given in China. Organized
respectively by the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Education, Xiamen
University and the municipality of Shanghai, these tests differ from each other
in many ways. This paper applies the principles of relevant testing theories to
a critical reexamination of the four existing test formats. Taking the unique
characteristics of interpretation into account, it makes a series of proposals
for designing a more standardized and better regularized test of this kind,
covering such aspects as the testing content, the testing structure, the choice
of testing materials, and the organization of the large-scale semi-direct
recording test. (CXH)
Ino, Kinuyo Yoshida & Someya,
Yasumasa. 2005. A new paradigm for interpreter
education from the perspective of intercultural communication (in Japanese). Interpretation Studies 5. 73-109.
* The authors stress the importance of
intercultural communication skills as a central component of interpreting
skills.
Ito-Bergerot,
Hiromi. 2005. The TIT theory of Interpreting and
Working Memory (in Japanese). Interpreting Studies 5. 53-72.
* An attempt to link ESIT’s “interpretive
theory” (AKA “Theory of sense”) to contemporary cognitive psychology through
the concept of working memory.
Ito-Bergerot,
Hiromi. 2005. A short history of conference
interpreting in Europe (in Japanese). Interpreting Studies 5. 255-260.
Kim, Dae Jin. 2005. A study on the analysis of simultaneous interpretation
processes: with emphasis on working memory and intuition (in Korean). Conference
Interpretation and Translation 7:2. 101-119.
Kondo, Masaomi. 2005. Interpreting into B : The Japanese Exeperience. Conference
Interpretation and Translation 7:2. 3-28.
* In 2003, Lim Hyang-Ok conducted a survey
on interpreting into B in Korea (in Forum 1:2.151-171). Kondo’s paper is a
replication of the survey in Japan. This replication mode allowed some
interesting comparisons to be made. It turned out that on average, Japanese
respondents were far more experienced than Lim’s Korean respondents, which may
account for some other differences found, for instance the fact that among
respondents who said the mode mattered when working into B, all Koreans
preferred not to work in simultaneous in this direction, whereas over 60% of
the Japanese respondents preferred not to work in consecutive. Particularly
interesting are the Japanese respondents’ “free comments” for which space was
left in the questionnaire. Kondo reports that 35% of his respondents find the
Japanese original too vague and ambiguous to understand and render into English.14%
also cite syntactic and other linguistic differences between Japanese and
English as a source of difficulty. Kondo rightly points out in his discussion
of the respondents’ comments that problems singled out by respondents exist in
any source language and in any pair of languages. Indeed, examples of a
speaker’s vagueness, of differences in word order between two languages, of
missing lexical slots in one language versus the other can be given for any
language combination in the booth. The question is therefore quantitative
rather than qualitative: are there on average markedly more problems of each
kind in given language combinations?
Kondo, Masaomi. 2005. Interpreting into B: The Japanese Experience (in Japanese). Conference Interpretation Studies 5. 261-283.
* See above: Kondo’s paper in
Interpretation and Translation.
Köpke,
Barbara & Jean-Luc Nespoulos.
2006. Working memory performance in expert and novice interpreters. Interpreting 8:1. 1-23.
* A study
of working memory in a large sample of professional interpreters (21), Second
year postgraduate interpreting students (18), multilinguals (20) and
non-interpreting students (20), the last two groups acting as controls.
Subjects were submitted to various tests but to no interpreting task. Results
suggest that professional interpreters seem to resist articulatory suppression
better than other groups, but that as far as working memory is concerned, the
only significant between-group differences are found in favour of interpreting
students. These results seem to challenge the idea that working memory capacity
increases in experts and suggest that perhaps, in line with Minhua Liu’s ideas,
experienced interpreters develop skills which make them less dependent on
working memory storage capacity. The authors are aware of limitations of their
experimental design, including the possible confounding effects of age (the
mean age of experts is 44.4 years and the mean age of the novices being 26.2
years), screening (of students) and motivation.
Kurz,
Ingrid. 2002. Interpreting training programs. The benefits of coordination, cooperation and modern technology.
In Hung E. (ed.) Teaching Translation and Interpreting 4.
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 65-72.
Kurz,
Ingrid. 2002. Stressfulness of Live TV Interpreting vs. Conference
Interpreting. In: Translation: New Ideas for a New Century. Proceedings of
the XXVI FIT Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada, August 7-10, 2002. 202-206.
Kurz, Ingrid.
2002. Interpreting the WTC Attacks. Language International 14:3. 40-43.
Kurz, Ingrid.
2004. Dolmetschen beim Tokioter Kriegsverbrecherprozess. In Müller I.
(Hrsg.) Und sie bewegt sich doch … Translationswissenschaft in Ost und West.
Festschrift für Heidemarie Salevsky zum 60. Geburtstag. Frankfurt a. Main: Lang.
197-206.
Kurz, Ingrid.
2004. Dolmetschen gestern, heute, morgen. In: 50 Jahre Universitas –
Perspektiven im 21. Jahrhundert. Sonderausgabe
Universitas, 4/2004. 22-26.
Kurz,
Ingrid & Mikulasek, Brigitta.
2004. Television as a Source of Information for the Deaf and Hearing Impaired. Captions
and Sign Language on Austrian TV. Meta 49:1. 81-88.
Kurz,
Ingrid. 2005. Akzent und Dolmetschen – Informationsverlust bei
einem nichtmuttersprachlichen Redner. Bulletin suisse de linguistique
appliquée 81. 55-70.
Kurz, Ingrid. 2005. Was (tatsächlich) in den Köpfen von Dolmetschern vorgeht. In Salevsky, Heidemarie (ed). 95-104.
Kuwahata, Minako. 2005. Sink or Swim: Five basic strokes to E-J Consecutive Interpreting. Interpretation Studies 5. 173-181.
* The author advocates a progressive
approach to consecutive interpreting, starting with a sensitization stage with
general reformulation exercises, moving on to speeches with good prior
preparation, then to strategies for coping with names, then to strategies for
coping with numbers of various kinds.
Lee, TaeHyung. 2005. Interpreter Information Processing Strategy and Accuracy of
Simultaneous Interpretation. (in Korean). Conference
Interpretation and Translation 7:2. 139-155.
* The temporal characteristics of two
Korean interpretations of an English speech broadcast on TV. The interpreter
whose output was better spoke faster with a smaller EVS. The author concludes
that the time spent processing segments should be limited and that one of the
most important decisions interpreters have to make is to decide when they
should finish a sentence and move on the next incoming message.
Lim, Hyang-Ok. 2005. Communication skills and
interpretation. Conference Interpretation and Translation 7:2. 157-172.
*A general discussion of communication
skills in interpreting
*
LIU Heping.
2005. An overview of studies and trends in theoretical research into
interpreting. (In Chinese). Chinese Translation Journal 2005/4: 71-74.
Minamitsu, Yoshihiro. 2005. Acceptability assessment on translation of referring expression
in simultaneous interpreting. Conference Interpretation and Translation
7:2. 29-59.
* A theoretical reflection on pragmatic
criteria for the translation of "referring expressions" in simultaneous
interpreting, their focus being on the meaningfulness criterion.
Mizuno,
Makiko. 2005. Contents and philosophy of codes of ethics in
conference interpreting, community interpreting, court interpreting and health
care interpreting (in Japanese). Interpretation Studies
5. 157-172.
Mouzourakis, Panayotis. 2005.
Remote interpreting: A technical perspective on recent experiments. Interpreting 8:1. 45-66.
* An analysis of remote conference interpreting
issues. While sound quality seems to be reaching acceptable levels, visual
problems are more difficult to solve due to mechanisms in the use of vision
when perceiving the conference room environment. Mouzourakis describes and
discusses available experience in international organization, including results
of surveys. Interestingly, the issue of the interpreters' potential reluctance
to lose advantages associated with travel opportunities are not taken up as a
factor in some negative attitudes towards remote interpreting.
MU Yuanyuan
& PAN Jun. 2005. Professionalization as the New Trend in
Interpreting: A review of the Fifth National Conference on Interpreting practice,
Pedagogy, and Research (In Chinese). Chinese Translation Journal 2005/2:
38-40.
* Abstract: Reviewing the Fifth National Conference
on Interpreting practice, Pedagogy, and Research and comparing it with the
previous sessions, this article identifies three salient features of what
transpired in all five meetings on interpreting and draws attention to three
major changes in the evolving national discourse on the subject. While the findings
point to professionalization as the current trend in the development of
interpreting, many difficulties remain to be addressed before the practice
could turn itself into a full-fledged profession in China.(CXH)
Ochi, Yoshie. 2005. The
efficiency of and prospects for the integration of interpreter training methods
into language training in secondary schools. Interpretation
Studies 5. 203-224.
Pradas Macías, Macarena. 2006.
Probing quality criteria in simultaneous interpreting. The
role of silent pauses in fluency. Interpreting
8:1. 25-43. (Translated from Spanish by Julian Bourne).
* Here is one more study by a member of the research
group set up by Collados Aís at the University of Granada, Spain, probably the
most successful group on the CIR scene in terms of continued, cohesive
empirical investigation into conference interpreting. In this study, Pradas
Macías sums up her doctoral work which focused on silent pauses and their
effect on interpreting quality perception. Two levels of silent pauses were
introduced on a video cassette into a simultaneously interpreted Spanish target
speech of an authentic German speech. The three resulting target speeches (one
control, one with one additional level of silent pauses, one with a different
level of silent pauses) were mixed with the original German speech and played
back to three groups of listeners who were asked to rate them, both in terms of
overall quality and for a number of quality components (impression of
professionalism, impression of reliability, accent, voice, logical cohesion,
diction, intonation, fluency etc.) on a 1 to 5 scale. Silent pauses apparently
affected fluency rating, though the differences are small (4.57 versus 4.36 and
4.13), only mean ratings are indicated and no significance testing seems to
have been carried out, but there seemed to be no consistent effect on other
quality components or on overall quality ratings (4.14 for the control video
versus 4.33 and 4.43 for the experimental videos). The author says differences
were not significant, but does not indicate the test(s) used. Interesting
finding, which tends to indicate some tolerance for delivery imperfections from
listeners, at least for short speeches (these were about 10 minutes long).
Regular anecdotal evidence (comments from delegates listening to interpreters
in conferences) suggests that such tolerance may shrink markedly as the
duration of the speeches increases.
Reda, Antonio. 2005. Anforderungen des
Auswärtigen Amts an die Übersetzer- und Dolmetscherausbildung. In
Salevsky, Heidemarie (ed). 373-381.
REN Wen.
2005. A Contrastive Analysis of Aptitude and Accreditation Tests for
Interpreters in China and Australia. (In Chinese). Chinese
Translation Journal 2005/1: 62-66.
Schweda-Nicholson, Nancy. 2005.
What makes a good interpreter? A study of interpreter trainees'
personality traits. Conference Interpretation and Translation
7:2. 61-100.
* 68 interpreter trainees were examined using the
Myers-Briggs personality traits indicator (MBTI).This report seems to be a re-publication of the paper by the same
author published in the Interpreters' Newsletter in 2005 (see Bulletin n°31).
Setton, Robin. 2005. So what is so interesting about simultaneous interpreting? SKASE
Journal of Translation and Interpretation 1:1.70-84. (www.skase.sk/Volumes)
* In this paper, Setton explains the role of the
pragmatic dimension in simultaneous interpreting. As in many of his papers, he
makes interesting analyses and points. One of them is that “linguistic
productions do not perfectly express thoughts and communicative intentions, but
merely offer sophisticated evidence for inferring them” (p.70), which is an
important justification of interpretive translation strategies as opposed to
word-for-word-with-necessary-changes-only strategies: “An interpreter's
listeners use inference to derive a message as do those listening directly to
the speaker. The constraints on the interpreter's speech to achieve fidelity
are therefore not that they should show any particular conventional
correspondence to the words or syntax (or phonology or morphology) of the
original, but that it should enable TL hearers to derive the same message as
the SL hearers get it from the original” (p.75). Another claim Setton makes is
that anticipation is not a strategy, because it is unconscious (p.74). This is
true most of the time, but not always. Anticipation can also be a deliberate
strategy or an online tactic, for instance when deciding when or how to start a
sentence in the target speech while the corresponding source-langue sentence is
being uttered. Setton believes that the distinction made by Lederer between
linguistic anticipation and “cognitive” anticipation is neither necessary nor
justified “when we do not know whether words are evoking concepts or
vice-versa” (p.74). Interesting point, but the statement is too categorical.
Some measure of conceptual analysis is probably necessary in order to identify
sounds as linguistic units, but such analysis can be superficial and stop at
identification of the linguistic units without processing their meaning in
context in depth. In other cases, interpreters/listeners may have identified an
idea, a position or a feeling before it is uttered and may therefore be assumed
to be in a better position to identify quickly and reliably the words which
will express it. In this reviewer’s opinion, Lederer’s distinction does make
sense.
One
caricature in the text is Setton’s reference to people who believe that
conflicting structures must be a source of significant additional load as
people who“stop at syntax and semantics” (p.71). I think such people may not
devote as much attention to pragmatic factors as Setton, but are aware of their
existence, and yet believe that in spite of them, other things being equal,
conflicting structures tend to be a source of additional load. The sentence on
p.73 which says that interpreters complete the sense of an utterance or an idea
before the speaker has quite managed to complete the obligatory conventional
syntactic articulation lacks the adverb “sometimes”. Setton defends the role of
pragmatic factors, but tends to do so with sweeping statements which only
damage the impact of his texts. It would be ironic (and unfortunate) if critics
of his writing responded saying that his approach stops at pragmatics and does
not take into account syntax and semantics.
One last
comment: it would be nice to have some evidence about the phase Setton refers
to in his description of the learning curve of student interpreters confronted
with consecutive (p.79-80) whose renditions “seem to lack ‘cohesive links’ ”.
Setton, Robin. 2006. Context in simultaneous interpretation. Journal of Pragmatics
38:3. 349-389.
Abstract. Translation has recently been analysed in the terms of
modern cognitive-pragmatic theory (relevance theory) as an interlingual
interpretive use of language (Gutt, 1991/2000). But Gutt's account primarily
addresses the principles and processes of text or written translation, where
the displacement in time and place between the original communicator, the
translator and her readers requires the translator to reconstruct the original
informative intention, project the original and target addressees’ cognitive
environment, and craft a stimulus according to the degree of interpretive
resemblance sought. By contrast, oral translation, in particular simultaneous
interpreting (SI), is performed in live situations in which the interpreter shares
most of the manifest cognitive environment with the participants and is thus
better able to project and control the contexts in which her addressees will
process her utterances. Since the condition of simultaneity severely constrains
the simultaneous interpreter's choice of stimulus, she relies heavily on this
access to immediate context and her audience's inferential abilities. Text
translators need time to project context and choose their stimuli, while in SI,
access to live contexts compensates for temporal constraints. The paper
concludes with a discussion on prospects for exploring patterns and possible
biases in interlingual text and oral communication on this basis.
Siebourg, Gisela. 2005. Die
Anforderungen an den Konferenzdolmetscher im Auswärtigen Amt heute. In
Salevsky, Heidemarie (ed). 363-371.
* This paper, which was read in May 1995, deals with
requirements from interpreters working for the German ministry of foreign
affairs. Of particular interest to historians are references from 1921, 1929,
1950 and 1951.
Shinzaki, Ryuko. 2005. Applying
consecutive interpreter training methods to teaching English. Interpretation Research 5. 183-201.
* Like many Japanese authors, Shinzaki looks at
consecutive interpreting as a means for enhancing English skills in Japanese
students.
Someya, Yasumasa. 2005. A
Cognitive-Linguistic Model of Interpreter’s Notes and Note-taking (in
Japanese). Interpretation Studies 5. 1-29.
*A theoretical analysis of note-taking in
consecutive. The author starts with the assumption that notes reflect ST
comprehension and analyzes such comprehension with case grammar, propositional
analysis concepts and the concept of working memory. The reformulation phase is
modeled as composed of note-decoding, followed by linguistic coding and speech
production. The author also discusses the choice of the language of note-taking
(SL or TL) on the basis of maximum efficiency considerations. Cognitive
saturation due to the slowness of note-taking and its practical consequences
are not discussed.
Someya, Yasumasa; Saito,
Miwako; Tsuruta, Chikako; Tanaka, Miyuki; Ino, Kuniyo Yoshida.
2005. A Survey on the current state of interpreter training at Japanese
universities and graduate schools (in Japanese). Interpretation
Studies 5. 285-310.
*An interesting survey on 105 (!) Japanese universities offering interpreting courses. Here
are some results: 84% of the instructors in charge of the courses are at least
in their forties; 98% (!) of the instructors have had experience in actual
interpreting, and 42% are practicing interpreters; 30% of instructors with
experience in interpreting are conference interpreters, 29% are business
interpreters, 8% are court interpreters and 8% are community interpreters; 34%
use cassette tape recorders, 25% use video tapes and DVDs; with respect to the
main problems in their classes, 19% mention insufficient mastery of English by
their students and 16% mention excessive class size.
This
initiative certainly deserves to be replicated in other countries and its
results could be of interest to colleague interpreters not associated with
training programs. The findings suggest that in Japan, interpreter trainers
know what they are doing. One wonders whether the same can be said in all
countries where “interpreting” is taught by language teachers who have no
professional experience in interpreting (or in professional translation, for
that matter).
Sykes, Carol. 2005. A study of student interpreters’ ability to
manage the directive and procedural elements of speech in consecutive mode. SKASE Journal of Translation and Interpretation 1.1. 85-100. (www.skase.sk/Volumes).
* A study of the performance of 10 consecutive
interpretations by 5 students to test the idea that student interpreters lose
the ostensive guidance of the source speech in their target-language
renditions. Findings are not clear cut.
Toyama, Hitomi & Matsubara,
Shigeki. 2005. The
relationship between listener impressions and the length of pauses in
simultaneous interpreting: an analysis of experimental data using the CIAIR
simultaneous interpreting database” (in Japanese).
Interpretation Studies 5. 137-155.
* Another original, interesting study from Japan using
corpora. A set of ad-libbed lectures given at relatively low speed and a set of
lectures from prepared scripts which were delivered at a higher speed were
selected from the CIAIR corpus, along with their simultaneous interpretations
into Japanese. 21 extracts of interpretations were heard by 31 native Japanese
speakers who rated ease of listening of each on a 5-point scale.
Interpretations from ad-libbed lectures were found to be associated with short
pauses and were assessed as listener friendly. In interpretations from prepared
lectures, no clear relationship was found between the length of pauses and the
listeners’ assessment. A further finding was that the listeners’ impressions
were influenced markedly by the presence of rhythm in the target speech and by
the regularity of the interpreters’ pauses.
WAN Hongyu
& YANG Chengshu. 2005. Types and Rules of
Syntactic Linearity in Simultaneous Interpretation. (In
Chinese). Chinese Translation Journal 2005/3: 73-77.
WANG Enmian.
2005. Interpretation as a Profession in China: A Survey. (In Chinese) Chinese
Translation Journal 2005/2: 57-60.
*Abstract: The findings of a recent survey conducted
by the author and his colleagues show a vigorous demand in China for
interpreters, conference interpreters in particular. With the new job
opportunities thus created, mostly in major cities, interpreting has firmly
established itself as a distinct profession. The same survey also reveals,
however, a lack of qualified interpreting professionals and a dearth of proper
channels for interpreters and their prospective employers to contact one
another. Drawing from these findings, the author calls for a tighter regulation
of the market in question and a proper system for training, examining, and
evaluating interpreters in line with internationally accepted standards.(CXH)
YANG Chengshu.
2005. Information representation in interpreting from Japanese (in Japanese). Interpretation Studies 5. 31-52.
* The author uses notes taken during consecutive
interpreting as indicators of intermediate representation of the speech. She
analyzes her own note-taking, and shows in particular that even notes
representing only 15% of the information in the source speech, the interpreter
has enough to reformulate the whole speech.
THESES
HE, Aixiang. 2006. Note-taking in Consecutive
Interpreting: an Empirical Study of Chinese Students’ Notes of Interpreting.
MA thesis, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen
University. (XXY)
Jánský, Dušan. 2006. Simultaneous
interpreting using a paper copy of the speech with a focus on “paper copy of
the speech” and “subjectivity” as the two major variables. MA thesis, UTRL FF UK, Charles University, Prague. (IC)
HUANG, Chen. 2006. Customer Analysis in Quality Assessment:. MA thesis,
College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University. (XXY)
REN, Yajie. 2006. Interpreting Studies in the Perspective of Adaptation Theory.
MA thesis, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen
University. (XXY)
SHE, Chenguang. 2006. Textual Coherence in Consecutive
Interpreting. MA thesis, College of Foreign
Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University. (XXY)
SU, Wei. 2006. Principles of Memory in Interpreting. MA
thesis, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University.
(XXY)
WANG, Yujie. 2006. Principle of Loyalty in Simultaneous Interpretation. MA thesis, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen
University. (XXY)
ZHANG, Lifang. 2006. Source Language interference in Chinese-English SI. MA thesis, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen
University. (XXY)
ZOU, Shanshan. 2006. Relevance Theory and Interpreting Strategy. MA thesis, College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen
University.
BOOKS AND
UNPUBLISHED PROCEEDINGS
Kurz,
Ingrid & Kaindl, Klaus (Hrsg.). 2005. Wortklauber,
Sinnverdreher, Brückenbauer? DolmetscherInnen und ÜbersetzerInnen als
literarische Geschöpfe. Wien: LIT-Verlag.
* An original collection of short essays on the image
of translators and interpreters in literary fiction. Each essay takes up one
work of fiction in which a central protagonist is a translator or interpreter,
describes the work and the way the translator/interpreter and his/her
inner/outer environment is depicted and comments on them, most often with respect
to the differences between fiction and reality. Those essays on works where
protagonists are related to conference interpreting are listed below. Those
talking about other types of interpreters and translators are listed in the
Recent Publications section on the EST website www.est-translationstudies.org.
- Buda, György. „…sogar die
Sprache der Vögel und der Pferde“. Ágnes Gergelys Die Dolmetscherin. 87-94.
- Grbić, Nadja. Selbst blaue
Augen haben ihren Preis. Eine Dolmetscherin zwischen den Kulturen. Suku Kims The
Interpreter. 49-58.
- Krivanec, Johana. Der
Weltschmerz des Simultandolmetschers und das Gelinden der Kommunikation. Abdelkebir
Khatibis Un été à Stockholm. 41-48.
- Kurz, Ingrid.
Maschine oder redegewandter Papagei? Doris Lessings Der Sommer vor der
Dunkelheit. 119-126.
- Kurz, Ingrid. Das
Gelübde der Verschwiegenheit. Suzanne Glass’ The Interpreter. 143-149.
- Kurz, Ingrid
& Rennert, Sylvie. Wandernde zwischen Sprachen und Welten. Liselotte
Marshalls Die verlorene Sprache. 23-30.
- Reinagel, Gerhard. Mehrsprachigkeit
als Verlust des Muttersprache. Ingeborg Bachmanns Simultan.
31-39.
- Strolz,
Birgit. Aschenprinz und Märchenputtel. Christine Arnothys Toutes les
chances plus une. 111-117.
- Viaggio, Sergio. Die Hirngespinste des Javier
Marías oder: die Ungeheuerlichkeiten, die man über uns zu hören bekommt. Javier
Marías Mein Herz so weiss (Translated into German by Heike
Lamberger-Felber & Reinhard Schwarz). 127-136.
- Weich, Annie. Synchrondolmetscher ohne Diplom.
95-102.
Salevsky, Heidemarie (ed). 2005.
Kultur, Interpretation, Translation. Ausgewählte Beiträge aus 15 Jahren
Forschungsseminar. Frankfurt, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford,
Wien: Peter Lang.
* As the title indicates, this volume
collects papers presented in seminars over the past 15 years. The few papers on
conference interpreting are listed in the papers section.
REVIEWS
Alonso Bacigalupe, Luis. 2006. Review of Jesús de Manuel Jerez (ed).
2003. Nuevas tecnologías y formación de
interpretes. Granada: Atrio. Interpreting 8:1. 116-120.
Mackintosh, Jennifer. 2006. Review of Ebru Diriker. 2004. De-/Re-contextualizing
conference interpreting. Interpreters in the Ivory Tower?
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Interpreting
8:1. 112-116.
Schjoldager, Anne. 2006. Review of Schäffner, Christina (ed).
2004. Translation Research and interpreting research. Traditions,
gaps and synergies.
Clevedon/Buffalo/Toronto: Multilingual Matters. Interpreting
8:1. 120-127.
* A thorough and clear review as far as
facts go, but with evaluative misrepresentations. In particular and for the
record, the idea that Gile “clearly thinks [Chesterman] should [conduct
empirical testing of his theories]” is untrue and in contradiction with Gile’s
own statement on p.124. Reviewers might also want to think twice before writing
that A is “obviously a fan of B’s scholarship”[!] and,
in the same sentence, that s/he criticizes B for writing “evaluative comments
so far removed from the evidence (and the truth)”. Perhaps reviews should be
refereed like articles?
Tsuruta, Chikako. 2005. Review of Nolan, James. 2005. Interpretation. Techniques and Exercises.
Multilingual Matters. Interpretation
Studies 5. 328-329. (in Japanese).
Present Nodes
Nodes are local institutional or individual members who represent CIRIN in
their respective geographical area. Members volunteer to become Nodes;
they cease to operate as such at any time after notifying headquarters in Paris
of their intention.
For
Argentina: Silvia Veronica Lang, Coletta 373 2804, Campana, Provincia de Buenos Aires
For Australia: JC Lloyd-Southwell, Department of Language and
International Studies, Faculty of Language, Education and Community Services,
RMIT University, Melbourne - Telephone (03) 9527- 4160 or mobile 0414-614-022,
e-mail: hewittandlloyd@bigpond.com
For Austria: Franz Pöchhacker, Center for Translation Studies,
University of Vienna, Gymnasiumstr. 50, A-1190 Wien - e-mail: Franz.Poechhacker@univie.ac.at
For Belgium: Erik Hertog,
Lessius Hogeschool, St.-Andriesstraat 2, 2000 Antwerp Tel: 32 3 206 04
91 (ext. 264) Fax: 32 3 206 04 99 -
e-mail: erik.hertog@lessius-ho.be
For Canada: Stephen Capaldo, Interpretation and Translation
Service, Legislative Offices, Room 3657, Whitney Block, Queen's Park, Toronto,
Canada M7A 1A2 - e-mail: Capaldo@gowebway.com
For China (Beijing): Wang Lidi, School of Translation and
Interpreting, Beijing Foreign Studies University, N°2, North Xisanhuan Avenue,
Beijing 100081 - e-mail: sti@bfsu.edu.cn
For China (Shanghai): Ailing (Irene) Zhang, Graduate School of
Interpretation and Translation, Shanghai International Studies University, 550
Dalian Road (W), Shanghai 200083, P.R.China - e-mail: azhang@shisu.edu.cn
For the Republic of China (Taipei): Graduate Institute of
Translation and Interpretation, National Taiwan University, N°162, Hoping E.
Rd. Sec.1, Taipei (Prof. Emily Her) - e-mail: t22038@cc.ntnu.edu.tw
For
Costa Rica: Priscila Siu, Apartado 846-2350, San Francisco de Dos Rios
San Jose, Costa Rica - e-mail: prissiu@sol.racsa.co.cr
For
Cuba: Lourdes Arencibia, 17 No.357 (altos) esquina a G. Vedado. La Habana 4 -
e-mail: lourdes@cubarte.cult.cu
For the Czech Republic: Ivana Cenkova, Charles University,
Institute of Translation Studies, UTRL FF UK, Hybernska 3, 110 00 Praha 1
tel
42 02 216 195 13 fax
42 02 216 195 28 - e-mail: IVANA.CENKOVA@ff.cuni.cz
For
Denmark: Helle Dam, Handelshojskolen i Aarhus, Fuglesangs Allé 4,
DK-8210 Arhus V - e-mail: HD@asb.dk
For
Egypt: Sania Sharawi-Lanfranchi
4, El-Saleh Ayoub, Zamalek 11 2 11, Cairo shara11@hotmail.com
For
Estonia: Margus Puusepp, Parna 21A-41, 50604 Tartu, Estonia. mpuusepp@hot.ee
For
Finland: Yves Gambier, University of Turku - Centre for Translation and
Interpreting, Koskenniemenkatu 4 - 20500 TURKU, Finland - yves.gambier@utu.fi
For France: Daniel
Gile, 46, rue d'Alembert, 92190 Meudon - e-mail: daniel.gile@laposte.net
For
Germany: Sylvia Kalina,
Fachhochschule Köln, Fachbereich Sprachen, Mainzerstr. 5, 50678 Köln
- e-mail: Sylvia.Kalina@fh-koeln.de
For
Greece: Anastasia Parianou, Ionian University, Megaro Kapodistria, 49100
Corfu - e-mail: papik1@otenet.gr
For China (Hong Kong): Andrew Cheung, Department of
Chinese and Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong
Kong - e-mail: ctandrew@polyu.edu.hk
For Hungary: Krisztina Bohak Szabari, Eötvös Lorand University
Budapest, Zsalya u. 3, H-1141 Budapest, bohak@mail.inext.hu
For India: Ujjal Singh Bahri, Editor, International
Journal of Translation. e-mail: bahrius@del6.vsnl.net.in
<mailto:bahrius@del6.vsnl.net.in>
For Ireland: Michael Cronin, School of Applied Languages, Dublin,
City University, Dublin 9, Ireland - e-mail: croninm@dcu.ie
For Israel: Miriam Shlesinger, Bar Ilan University, 12 Recanati
Street, 69494 Ramat-Aviv,
Shlesm@mail.biu.ac.il
For Italy: Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e
Traduttori, Universita degli Studi di Trieste, Via Filzi 14, 34132 Trieste -
e-mail: laurag@sslmit.univ.trieste.it
For Japan: Masaomi Kondo, Daito Bunka University, Dept. of Economics, 1-9-1
Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Phone: 935 1111 - e-mail: mkondo@ic.daito.ac.jp
For
Mexico: CESLAA (Dra Georganne Weller), Tlaxcala 78-501, Col. Roma Sur,
México, D.F. 06760 - e-mail:
georgann@avantel.net
For Peru: ASPTI -
Asociación de Profesionales en Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad
Femenina del Sagrado Corazón, Calle Raymundo Carcamo 912, Urb. Santa Caline, Lima -
13
For the Philippines:
Ms. Ross Alonzo, University of the Philippines. 52 Apacible St. Area 1, U.P.
Diliman Campus, Quezon City 1101
For Poland: Bartlomiejczyk, Magdalena Univ of
Silesia, Institute of English, ul. Zytnia 10, 41-205
Sosnowiec, Poland: magdalenabartlomiejczyk@hotmail.com
For
Portugal: Manuel Santiago Ribeiro, Rua da Arriaga, 8-C, PT - 1200-609
Lisboa, tel/fax 351 21 397 8832 - e-mail: msr@aiic.net
For Rumania: Doina Motas, 3, Nicolaie Iorga Str., Bucarest 1, 71117
For Russia: Elena Alikin, Perm State Technical University elena_alikina@ecology.perm.ru
For South Africa: Martyn Swain, 1 Crown Street, Observatory 7925
Cape Town - e-mail:
sally@link.nis.za <mailto:sally@link.nis.za>
For
Spain: John MATTHEWS, Facultad de Traduccion e Interpretacion,
Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici M, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyala,
Barcelona, tel/fax +34 3 580 65 45 - e-mail: jmatthews@grn.es
For Sweden: Cecilia Wadensjö, Dept. of Communication Studies,
Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping - e-mail: cecwa@tema.liu.se
For Turkey: Hande Ersöz-Demirdað, Yildiz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen-
Edebiyat Fakültesi
Bati Dilleri Ofis: B1018, Davutpasa Cad no: 127, 34210 Esenler/Ýstanbul Turkey, tel: +90 212 449 15 58 handeersoz@hotmail.com
<mailto:handeersoz@hotmail.com>
For the United Kingdom: Udo Jörg, 132b Bravington Road, West
Kilburn, London W9 3AL -
e-mail: UdoJorg@aol.com
For
Uruguay: Maria Julia Sainz, Facultad de Derecho/Traductorado,
Universidad de la Republica, Carlos Anaya 2662 A, 11.600 Montevideo tel/fax (5982) 480 55 76 - e-mail: mjsainz@adinet.com.uy
For the USA: Adelina Hild, 130 Mitchell Road, Somers, NY 10589,
Tel: (914) 239 3551 adelina@gmx.ch <mailto:adelina@gmx.ch>
To become a CIRIN Member, please write to D.Gile and ask for your name
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